For decades, ADHD in women has been under-researched. It is only in the last few years, with more recent understanding of how ADHD can present in females, that studies have begun to look more closely at the complex interplay between ADHD, hormones and other chronic illnesses.
We asked our Clinical Director Dr Dalida Duvnjak, General Adult and Liaison Psychiatrist and ADHD specialist to explain more.
Q. Why is ADHD in women under-researched?
In clinical practice we know the prevalence rates of ADHD in both genders are similar, but because of a historical lack of understanding of how ADHD can present in females, and years of under-diagnosis as a result, most ADHD research is based on male samples.
It is very common for women to live with undiagnosed ADHD until adulthood with mothers in particular only noticing familiar traits when their children are assessed and starting to explore their own experiences.
The encouraging news is that awareness is growing quickly and much more research is now happening. There is also much more understanding around the different ways that ADHD can manifest in females, which means that more women and girls are now getting the answers and support they deserve.
Q: Why is there a link between ADHD and women’s health?
Dalida:
ADHD can affect many parts of a woman’s health and wellbeing, and the way it appears can change at different stages of life. We know that female hormones, especially Oestrogen and Progesterone, play an important role in how ADHD symptoms show up. For example, when Oestrogen levels are lower, such as before a period, after pregnancy, or during the years leading up to menopause (also known as perimenopause), some women may notice their ADHD symptoms become more challenging to manage. This can include increased forgetfulness, irritability, or low mood. Understanding these changes can help women find strategies and support that works for them.
Q: What is Liaison Psychiatry and why is it relevant to ADHD?
Dalida:
Liaison Psychiatry helps people get support for both their mental and physical health needs. For example, it can help someone with ADHD manage their symptoms while also addressing other co-existing physical or mental health challenges, improving overall wellbeing and daily functioning.
Q: What sort of physical or mental conditions are commonly looked at alongside ADHD and how can treatment options be adjusted for them?
Dalida:
Many women with ADHD also face additional health challenges that impact their overall wellbeing. These can include mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, or eating disorders. Hormonal and reproductive issues are also common, including premenstrual mood changes, endometriosis, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In addition, some women experience chronic physical conditions. These may include migraines, fibromyalgia, and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, as well as chronic fatigue syndrome (ME).
Taking co-existing conditions into account is very important for providing care that supports both mental and physical health.
For women with hormonal issues, non-stimulant ADHD medications may be more suitable, or it may be necessary to adjust dosage levels during different phases of their hormonal cycle. There are many different ways that individual treatment plans can be tailored to factor in other physical and mental challenges.
Q: How will women benefit from more scientific research?
Dalida:
Scientific research is helping us better understand how ADHD shows up in women, who often have symptoms that look different from men. This research improves diagnosis and treatment, guides strategies for managing attention and emotional regulation, and highlights the importance of addressing co-existing conditions. It also helps raise awareness, break down stigma, and enables women to access the support they need to thrive.
Listening to women’s lived experiences – especially those navigating multiple conditions, is essential to making progress in this field. Their insights often precede scientific validation, and their voices must be central to shaping future strategies for ADHD treatment.
More information
Noticing changes in memory or mood during menopause?
Our clinical teams have specialist expertise supporting women experiencing combined ADHD and hormone-related symptoms. Contact us for an initial, no obligation conversation.